The Forgotten Women Of Indenture: Unseen, Unheard, Unbreakable (Part 1)

Between 1860 and 1911, more than 70 ships embarked on 384 voyages between India and the British colony of Port Natal, South Africa. These journeys across the “kala pani” (black/dark waters) served one primary purpose: to transport indentured Indian laborers from Indian ports to Port Natal, which would later be known as Durban. These laborers were recruited to toil on sugarcane plantations, among other sectors such as mines, railways, and tea estates. While much has been chronicled about the era of indenture, this documentary delves deeper into the experiences of the Women of Indenture, uncovering untold or forgotten stories of exploitation, abuse, suicide, and even rape. These narratives of abuse shed light on the enduring struggle against gender-based violence (GBV), not only during the time of indenture but spanning centuries prior. In this inaugural episode of Leena B Productions, we explore the lives of many women in India during the period preceding the indenture process, the often deceptive recruitment practices, the journey to South Africa, and life in the British colony of Port Natal.
(Part 1) – link below
Dedicated to the Women who walked before us, the Women of Indenture……Mothers Day premiere
Kogie Archary, Indu Moodley, Sinthi Qono – On-Line Publication

Goolam Vahed publications
Articles also available on the Digital Innovation of South Africa website
- Changing Islamic Traditions and Emerging Identities in South Africa
- A ‘Public Health Nuisance’: The Victoria Street Early Morning Squatters Market, 1910-1934
- ‘GIVE TILL IT HURTS’: DURBAN’S INDIANS AND THE FIRST WORLD WAR
- Race, Empire, and Citizenship: Sarojini Naidu’s 1924 Visit to South Africa
- Chatsworth: The Making of a South African Township.
- Control and Repression: The Plight of Indian Hawkers and Flower Sellers in Durban, 1910-1948
- SWAMI SHANKERANAND AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF HINDUISM IN NATAL, 1908-1913
- Uprooting, Re-rooting: Culture, Religion and Community among Indentured Muslim Migrants in Colonial Natal, 1860–1911
- An ‘Imagined Community’ in diaspora: Gujaratis in South Africa
- Cricket and corruption: the postapartheid relationship between India and South Africa within and beyond the boundary
A Sufi Saints day in South Africa: The Legend of Badshah Pir
- Deconstructing ‘Indianness’: Cricket
and the articulation of Indian identities in Durban, 1900-32 - Multiple communities: Muslims in post-apartheid South Africa
- Ahmed Hoosen Deedat (1918-2005)
- SOUTH AFRICA
- Adaptation and Integration of Indian Migrants in Brisbane, Australia
- Post-Apartheid South African Muslim Migration to Brisbane, Australia
- Monty … Meets Gandhi … Meets Mandela: The Dilemma of Non violent Resisters in South Africa, 1940-60
- Identity and Belonging in post-Apartheid South Africa: The Case of Indian South Africans
- “Colours Do Not Mix”: Segregated Classes at the University of Natal, 1936-1959
- Chatsworth Between Continuity and Change
- ‘POWER AND RESISTANCE: INDENTURED LABOUR IN COLONIAL NATAL, 1860-1911′
- The formal education journey of Cassim Dangor, 1963–1985: Reflections on education challenges in apartheid South Africa
- After Mandela Met Gandhi: The Past and Future of India-South Africa Relations
- The Development Impact of Mosque Location on Land Use in Australia: A Case Study of Masjid al Farooq in Brisbane
A case of ‘strategic ethnicity‘? The Natal Indian Congress in the 1970s
- Muslim women’s identities in South Africa: A Zanzibari perspective in KwaZulu-Natal
- A Discussion with Kai Kresse, Lakshmi Subramanian, Goolam Vahed, Gail M. Presbey, James R. Brennan, and Anne K. Bang
- Moon sightings and the quest for Muslim solidarities in twentieth century Natal
- ‘Nehru is just another coolie’: India and South Africa at the United Nations, 1946-1955
- The Natal Indian Congress, the Mass Democratic Movement and the Struggle to Defeat Apartheid: 1980–1994
Schooling Muslims in Natal: Identity, State and the Orient Islamic Educational Institute
- Women and national liberation in South Africa: an oral history perspective
- The Guptas, the Public Protector’s Report and Capital Accumulation in South Africa
- Diaspora, Citizenship and Identity: Migration from Kathor (Gujarat, India) to Durban (Natal, South Africa)
- Stuck in the middle? Indians in South Africa’s fading rainbow
- Indentured Labour Migration and the Making of an Indian Diaspora in South Africa, 1860-1911
- The South African Gandhi: Stretcher Bearer of Empire
A History of the Present: A Biography of Indian South Africans, 1990–2019
- The contagious power of words: Muslim South Africans during the pandemic
- Shifting Grounds: A.I. Kajee and the Political Quandary of ‘Moderates’ in the Search for an Islamic School Site in Durban, 1943–1948
- Indentured Labour in South Africa The Evolution in Historical Writing since the 1970s
- The revenge of history: Indian indenture and its afterlife in South Africa